Saturday, April 29, 2023

Benefits of Eye Gels on Tear Film Thickness

Dear Dr. Renukaprasad A R,
Can the greater viscosity of lubricants contribute to the longer ocular residence time?
Dry eye disease (DED) is a pervasive ocular surface disorder that is characterized by tear film instability and hyperosmolarity. The most popular therapies for DED are lubricants that promote or retain tears. However, regular instillation of lubricants due to their brief residence time on the ocular surface is necessary. As a result, ocular lubricants in gel form are preferred.
Here is an Infographic that illustrates the influence of three different formulations of lubricants in gel form: trehalose 3% + hyaluronic acid 0.15%; hyaluronic acid 0.2%; and polyethylene glycol 0.4% + propylene glycol 0.3% on the tear film thickness.
Highlights:
  • Etiology and pathophysiology of DED 
  • DED treatment techniques and therapy-related issues 
  • The impact of various lubricants on the thickness of the tear film
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Girl with Painless Mass in Neck and Nodules in Lungs

An enhanced CT scan showed a total of 4 nodules in both lungs, varying in size from 3 to 11 mm
MedSynapse Community of Doctors MedSynapse
Girl with Painless Mass in Neck and Nodules in Lungs

A 10-year-old girl presented with painless masses in the bilateral neck that slowly increased in size over one year. An ultrasound was performed, which revealed an enlarged thyroid gland with multiple cystic nodules in both lobes. An enhanced CT scan showed a total of 4 nodules in both lungs, varying in size from 3 to 11 mm, with marked enhancement in the arterial phase and regression in the delayed phase.

Pathological examination showed lung tissue and well-differentiated thyroid follicular tissue without cellular atypia. Immunohistochemistry staining showed positivity for thyroid transcription factor-1 and paired box gene 8, as well as partial positivity for thyroglobulin, cytokeratin 7, and cytokeratin 19, confirming the diagnosis of the patient.

Quick options for you (click to select) :
What is the most likely diagnosis of this patient?
Metastatic carcinoma of the lungs
Ectopic intrapulmonary thyroid
Thymoma
Germ cell tumor
Neuroma
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Breaking News: Ayurveda Doctors Not Entitled to be Paid the Same as Allopathy Doctors, and More

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Friday, April 28, 2023

Preoperative Assessment: Prevent Dry Eye Complications

Dear Dr. Renukaprasad A R,
Why are preoperative tests for dry eye disease (DED) required for patients undergoing refractive surgery?
Depending on the patient's condition, DED post-refractive surgery is a common consequence, which can last for six months or longer. Therefore, standard preoperative DED evaluations can significantly improve postoperative treatment.
Watch this video for more information on the preoperative DED analysis, the examination of corneal nerve injury during surgery, the algorithmic technique for risk assessment, and treatment strategies for DED post-surgery.  
Highlights:

  • DED etiology after refractive surgery
  • Preoperative evaluation of the patient for DED
  • Modern diagnostic techniques for evaluation
  • Using algorithms to manage DED
  • Management and treatment of dry eyes

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Management of Tenofovir Induced Osteopenia and Hyperparathyroidism

Help with Treatment: A 48-year-old postmenopausal woman with bone and joint pain was misdiagnosed as having normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism
MedSynapse Community of Doctors MedSynapse
Management of Tenofovir Induced Osteopenia and Hyperparathyroidism

A 48-year-old postmenopausal woman with bone and joint pain was misdiagnosed as having normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism but was later found to have osteoporosis and secondary hyperparathyroidism caused by prolonged exposure to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.

The levels of calcium and phosphorus excreted in urine over a 24-hour period were within the normal range but towards the lower end. For the past 9 years, she has been undergoing extended medical care to manage her condition of chronic hepatitis B caused by a viral infection. 

Quick options for you (click to select) :
What are the treatments used for the osteopenia and hyperparathyroidism in this patient?
Teriparatide
Vitamin B3
Bisphosphonates
Denosumab
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Thursday, April 27, 2023

Join Now! Eliminating Leprosy-Related Stigma

Dear Dr. Renukaprasad A R,
If left untreated, leprosy progresses to nerve damage and ultimately leads to disability and disfigurement, the main factors responsible for leprosy-related social stigma. However, efforts toward the complete elimination of this disease are underway via prevention programs, constant monitoring, and advances in treatment strategies.
Join us for an exclusive session with Dr. Ramji Adkekar on "Leprosy: The Current Scenario," TODAY, 3:00 PM IST onwards.
Session Highlights: 
  • National programs implemented at different levels for leprosy 
  • Target for the elimination of Leprosy
  • Zero leprosy transmission by 2030 as per SDG
  • Possible impact of long COVID-19 on leprosy patients
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